Showing posts with label knowledge. Show all posts
Showing posts with label knowledge. Show all posts

Sunday, July 15, 2012

The price of anything is the amount of life you exchange for it.


So, here comes another week!  

I am facing some time-management issues since I am trying to adapt myself into a new personal routine, and in times like these the only good thinking comes from focusing and analyzing the big picture before acting.  I recalled, as I often do, some good “advices” written in history by wise men and that is what I am going to do today.  Here I share some good quotes so you might use them or not for your actual needs. 

The tittle is paraphrased from H. Thoreau and it gives me a good example of the effect of hard working in life.

Have a great week – Life is short; Carpe Diem.

Albert Einstein

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.

If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.”

Eleanor Roosevelt (My Days)

“A little simplification would be the first step toward rational living, I think.”

William of Ockham (also known as Ockham's Razor)

“Plurality should not be assumed without necessity.”

Henry David Thoreau ("Where I Lived and What I Lived For" Walden)

“Our life is frittered away by detail... Simplify, simplify, simplify! ... Simplicity of life and elevation of purpose.

Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say let your affairs be as one, two, three and to a hundred or a thousand… We are happy in proportion to the things we can do without.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

“Bad times have a scientific value. These are occasions a good learner would not miss.”

Baruch Spinoza

“Do not weep; do not wax indignant. Understand.”

Ken Venturi

“I don't believe you have to be better than everybody else. I believe you have to be better than you ever thought you could be.”

Thursday, June 28, 2012

Lighting Our Way


Universities and institutions all around the world are researching about different aspects and applications for something so common, but so necessary in our lives that most of the people would not even notice it’s there: light.  With all the advances in science and technology, light is being used in vary fields, such as medicine, communications and weaponry, and it may be a crucial factor in bringing us to a quick start into the future.  We are unleashing the power of light.

Scientists and engineers at the U.S. Army’s Picatinny Arsenal are developing a Laser-Induced Plasma Channel (LIPC) weapon to take out targets that conduct electricity better than the air or ground that surrounds them.  This future-like laser machine would guide a lightning bolt via laser beam to hit the target with the possible power of 50 billion watts, more power than a larger city needs.

"If a laser beam is intense enough, its electro-magnetic field is strong enough to rip electrons off of air molecules, creating plasma," said Fischer. "This plasma is located along the path of the laser beam, so we can direct it wherever we want by moving a mirror."

Meanwhile, researchers of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have developed a procedure to focus light inside biological tissue which allows doctors to perform surgery without having to cut through your skin, or diagnose cancer by seeing tumors inside the body.

Such a less invasive technique of diagnosing and treating diseases enables scientists to research and develop promising applications for this ultrasound based method, and the benefits for patients are easily recognizable.  

Ok; we are developing weapons and medical technology.  That doesn’t sound so futuristic, right?  What else?

Think about history; think about nowadays.  What is one of the most important factors for human development, for learning and progressing into a more advanced society and going beyond our physical limitations?  Communication, I would say.

Without communication, knowledge would be lost in time and space and we would never be able to reach our potential.  Today, we live in a globalized era where we can share and learn with each other, doesn’t matter where in the world you live.  Computers, internet, cell phones; technology bring us together and it’s the key for our evolution.

The advances in computer technology are widely defined by the amount and speed of data we can storage and share, and microchips and processors nowadays have a great power comparing to, let’s say, last year.  The Moore’s Law isn’t dead yet and new supercomputers – funny term as they always get old – are being developed right now.  But, wait – aren’t you talking about light?  Let’s talk briefly about something else first: superconductors.

Superconductivity can be defined as a phenomenon of no resistance for an electric current with the expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature, and superconductors are materials which allow these phenomena to occur, with no energy loss.  Superconductors can be used in defense, transportation, energy generation, communication and research, just to summarize a few applications.

A team of researchers from the University of Oxford Department of Physics, Japan and Germany were able to transform a non-superconducting insulator into a superconductor by the use of light.  An infrared laser pulse was used to perturb the positions of some of the atoms in the material, and the compound, held at a temperature just 20 degrees above absolute zero, almost instantaneously became a superconductor for a fraction of a second, before relaxing back to its normal state.

The researchers are hopeful that it could offer a new route to obtaining superconductivity at higher temperatures.  If superconductors that work at room temperature could be achieved, it would open up many more technological applications. 

The applications of these materials are wide and they may even hold the key for the next step in the evolution of processors.  Maybe, in the near future, superconductors can be used to manufacture real quantum computers as first coined by Richard Feynman in 1982; who knows?  The good thing about the future is that it keeps turning into present. 

Monday, April 23, 2012

Smart Cities, Smart Life


After smart phones, now come Smart Cities.

We are so used to have technology in our daily lives, either in form of comfort appliances or security measures. Internet is something so intrinsically connected to our professional and personal life that it is inevitable its use in research, monitoring and control of people - according to Mindflash.com, roughly 45% of employers now reportedly use social media sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter to screen potential employees (and, of course, keep monitoring them); The Telegraph says that Britons spend an average of 15 hours a week online, and the average American spent 32 hours per month in 2010 (note that by average there’s no distinction of online activity by age group or gender).

Both the Shetland Islands Council and Corby Borough Council - among the smallest local authorities in the UK - have more CCTV cameras than the San Francisco Police Department. The borough of Wandsworth has the highest number of CCTV cameras in London, with just under four cameras per 1,000 people. Its total number of cameras - 1,113 - is more than the police departments of Boston [USA], Johannesburg and Dublin City Council combined.

Ok; the Big Brother is watching us, but what else?

Cities tend to reach for progress and the use of technology is inexorable in the pace for the future.

Vehicle-interlock systems that disable automobiles when sensors detect an inebriated driver have been around for some years now and, because people cheat the system (of course they do), a face recognition program is being developed by engineers of the University of Windsor with the use of biometrics.

In Paris, three years ago, 100 people volunteered under the Citypulse project to monitor ozone and noise levels of different areas in order to gather data to prevent and solve present and future problems, making the city a better place to live.

In U.S.A., a new bill (Senate Bill 1813, known as MAP-21) passed by the U.S. Senate in March calls for “mandatory event data recorders” to be installed in all new passenger motor vehicles sold in the U.S. from 2015 on, for recording data before, during, or after a crash.

Everything seems wonderful so far; what’s the matter?

As Amara Angelica eloquently explained on her article about these black boxes, “Maybe the black box in the future will eventually monitor everything happening in the car, with real-time feeds to Homeland Security?” That’s when I ask: where is the limit between security monitoring and privacy invasion? I remember the airport full-body X-ray scanners polemic – I still travel by plane and, every time, it is still uncomfortable.

I am a big fan of science fiction predictions of the future, and there are two that come to mind about that: one is Spielberg’s film Minority Report and the police division of Pre-Crime and the other is the book 1984 by George Orwell which coined the so common term Big Brother (which I have even used on this very article).

Am I going too far by making a link here?

Smart Cities will collect data of all kinds - cars, appliances, cameras, roadways, pipelines etc - and use it to connect and control every aspect of life with massive operating systems that will run these cities in their entirety; now, who’s gonna provide all this apparatus and withdraw its benefits? The market is estimated to be worth $16 billion by the end of the decade and big companies like IBM and Cisco are already on it. Yep; the future is going to be owned by monopolies – not breaking news in any society, either capitalist or socialist.

So, technology came to help us to live a better life, I agree; everyone wants some degree of comfort and to be at ease. The problem comes when you get too dependent on it, or when it controls you. How smart are You?

Saturday, March 31, 2012

Super-Earth


Only a few decades ago, if you said in public that life outside Earth was not just possible, but probable, people would laugh at you and talk behind your back.  Thanks to the advances in science, we’re able to see much further than ever in the history of mankind and collect some interesting facts about the subject.  Have you ever heard about super-Earths?

Astronomers working with the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) HARPS instrument have stated and estimation that, only in our galaxy, there are tens of billions of rocky planets not so much bigger than Earth orbiting red dwarf stars within the habitable zones (the area in a star system where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface) of those relatively cool stars.

Being in the habitable zone doesn’t necessarily mean that the planet has a perfect atmosphere or temperature; some may be too hot; others too cold, and the mass of the atmosphere can be really tricky in order to provide the essential means for the creation of life.

New observations indicate that 40% of all red dwarfs have rocky planets orbiting in their habitable zones.  Our own sun is a hotter G V, or yellow dwarf, star and is more than twice as massive as a red dwarf.

There are different types of stars known in the universe.  Because about 80% of stars in the Milky Way are red dwarfs (also referred to as M-class stars), this leads to the conclusion that tens of billions of rocky planets exist in habitable zones in our galaxy.

However, the planets called super-Earths have a better chance of supporting life than planets Earth-sized, and they can have up to 10 times the mass of our planet.  As scientists have also stated that every star in our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least one planet in orbit around it, we’re able to get for the first time an idea of how many super-Earths might exist out there.

Fortunately, a great number of these exciting planets are relatively nearby neighbors: estimates suggest that there are 100 super-Earths in habitable zones around stars 30 light years or less from us, which is, in cosmological terms, really close.

Sara Seager, a professor of planetary science and physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says: "We are sure, though, that because there are billions of stars in our galaxy alone, and because planet formation is a random process, many stars will end up with potentially habitable planets."

Now, the next quest is the study of their atmospheres and search for life – although Stephen Hawking has a very persuasive point of view about that; aliens almost certainly exist but humans should avoid making contact because, in his words, “If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans."

He explained: "We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn't want to meet."  Draw your own conclusions...

Wednesday, March 28, 2012

Love Books


There’s nothing better for killing time in a constructive way than reading a good book.  Books expand our horizons, fill us up with knowledge, make us laugh and cry and sharp our minds. 

Here are 10 must-read books of different genres for people whose tastes are eclectic – have fun on your journey!


As a disclaimer, the websites chosen for describing the books are merely illustrative, and I do not endorse, nor am I affiliated with any party.

1 - When We Were Gods – Falconer, Colin

Cleopatra VII of Egypt was barely more than a teenager when she inherited the richest empire in the world, fifty-one years before the birth of Jesus Christ.  Colin Falconer did a great job telling her story.

Colin Falconer was born in North London.  He is a former journalist and the author of three previous historical novels, which have been published in many languages throughout the world.  He travels widely to research his novels but now lives in a small coastal town in Western Australia.

2 – The Bourne Identity – Ludlum, Robert

The Bourne Identity was named the second best spy novel of all-time, and the novel was adapted into a 1988 television movie starring Richard Chamberlain and Jaclyn Smith, and a 2002 movie starring Matt Damon, Franka Potente and Chris Cooper.

Robert Ludlum (May 25, 1927 – March 12, 2001) was an American author of 23 thriller novels.  The number of his books in print is estimated between 290–500 million copies.  They have been published in 33 languages and 40 countries.  Ludlum also published books under the pseudonyms Jonathan Ryder and Michael Shepherd.

3 – East of Eden – Steinbeck, John

The masterpiece of Steinbeck's later years, East of Eden is set in the rich farmlands of California's Salinas Valley.  Follow the intertwined destinies of two families – the Trasks and the Hamiltons – whose generations helplessly reenact the fall of Adam and Eve and the poisonous rivalry of Cain and Abel.

John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American writer.  He is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937).  He was an author of twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and five collections of short stories; Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962.

4 – The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Larsson, Stieg

Larsson's regret of not helping a young girl named Lisbeth, whom he saw being raped when he was 15, manifested in his character of the same name, also a rape victim.  Larsson writes within the crime novel, in Chapter 12, "It's actually a fascinating case. What I believe is known as a locked room mystery, on an island. And nothing in the investigation seems to follow normal logic. Every question remains unanswered, every clue leads to a dead end."

Karl Stig-Erland "Stieg" (15 August 19549 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the "Millennium series" of crime novels, which were published posthumously.  Larsson lived and worked much of his life in Stockholm, in the field of journalism and as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism.  He was the second best-selling author in the world for 2008.

5 – Sophie’s World – Gaarder, Jostein

Sophie's World is a novel about philosophy by Jostein Gaarder, published in 1991. It was originally written in Norwegian, but has since been translated into English (1995) and many other languages.  It sold more than 30 million copies and is one of the most successful Norwegian novels outside of Norway.  The book has been adapted into a film and a PC game.

Jostein Gaarder  is a Norwegian intellectual and author of several novels, short stories and children's books. Gaarder often writes from the perspective of children, exploring their sense of wonder about the world.

6 – Insomnia – King, Stephen

Old Ralph Roberts hasn't been sleeping well lately. Every night he wakes just a little bit earlier, and pretty soon, he thinks, he won't get any sleep at all. It wouldn't be so bad, except for the strange hallucinations he's been having. Or, at least, he hopes they are hallucinations.  For fans of horror books, this one is a masterpiece.

Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of contemporary horror, suspense, science fiction and fantasy fiction. His books have sold more than 350 million copies and have been adapted into a number of feature films, television movies and comic books.  Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.

7 – The Universe in a Nutshell – Hawking, Stephen

If you are an inquisitive person, that’s a must-read.  Hawking exceeds his teaching abilities in this book, where he explains with mastery very difficult concepts of theoretical physics to normal-brained people.

Stephen William Hawking (born January 8, 1942) is a British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author. His key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding gravitational singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation (or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation).  He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and in 2009 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.  Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009.  Subsequently, he became research director at the university's Centre for Theoretical Cosmology.

8 – A Short History of Nearly Everything – Bryson, Bill

Bryson, who’s best known for his travel writing (the both amazing A Walk in the woods and Neither Here, Nor There), entertain and enlighten us through this, sometimes funny, but surely captivating, popular science book; a highly recommendable good read that will sure give you smiles.

William McGuire "Bill" Bryson, (born December 8, 1951) is a best-selling American author of humorous books on travel, as well as books on the English language and on science.  Born an American, he was a resident of Britain for most of his adult life before returning to the US in 1995.  In 2003 Bryson moved back to Britain, living in the old rectory of Wramplingham, Norfolk, and was appointed Chancellor of Durham University.

9 – The Lost Symbol – Brown, Dan

This thriller is set in Washington, D.C. and is the follow-up of the world’s best seller The Da Vinci Code; and Brown did it again.  He mixes history, religion, science and art in this electrifying book that is going to keep you up for hours.

Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code.  Brown's novels, which are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour time period, feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories.  His books have been translated into over 40 languages, and as of 2009, sold over 80 million copies.  Two of them, The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons, have been adapted into feature films.


In the future of Ray Kuzweil’s prediction, technology will play a role in our lives much more important than we think: it will enable us to reverse aging, boost our cerebral power and fix DNA errors.  The next step in our evolutionary process will be the union of human and machine in which the knowledge and skills embedded in our brains will be combined with the vastly greater capacity, speed, and knowledge-sharing ability of our creations.

Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil  (born February 12, 1948) is an American author, scientist, inventor and futurist. Aside from futurology, he is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He is the author of several books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, technological singularity, and futurism.

Monday, March 26, 2012

Schools Kill Creativity


“If you’re not prepared to be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original.”

I think I have seen those videos a thousand times, and yet he still astonishes me with his simplicity and clarity to explain his point of view.

Sir Ken Robinson was born on March 4, 1950, in Liverpool, England; one of seven children from working-class background, he completed a PhD in 1981 at the University of London, researching drama and theatre in education and, since then, he is an internationally recognized leader in the development of education, creativity and innovation. He is also one of the world’s leading speakers with a profound impact on audiences everywhere.  The videos of his famous 2006 and 2010 talks to the prestigious TED Conference have been seen by an estimated 200 million people in over 150 countries.

The video in question is the 2006 talk at TED when he captivated the attention of the world with his proposal: schools kill creativity.  He rethinks our school system and, when I say “ours”, I mean the human race.  It’s kind of funny how apparently we know certain things by heart, but we never put into words – and there you go; it takes one man to open your eyes, and your ears to what you have already seen, and heard. 



Anyway, we are all different and my impression about it might be different than yours.  Watch the videos and take your own conclusions… after all, we are supposed to be free thinkers, right?


Friday, March 23, 2012

Cure For Cancer: A High School Student


I’m glad to know that there are still intelligent people out there, despite the stupidity being widely celebrated nowadays.

While most teenage girls spend their time gossiping around, trying to be popular and watching Jersey Shore, the 17-year-old high school student Angela Zhang has written a research paper in her spare time that provides us with, let me put it in a simple way, a possible cure for cancer.


Born to Chinese immigrants, she started reading doctorate level papers on bio-engineering when she was only a freshman.  By sophomore year she'd talked her way into the lab at Stanford, and by junior year was doing her own research projects.

"Cure for cancer -- a high school student," said her chemistry teacher at Monta Vista High School, Kavita Gupta. "It's just so mind-boggling. I just cannot even begin to comprehend how she even thought about it or did this."

"I just thought, 'Why not?' 'What is there to lose?'" said Angela.

“At first it was a little bit overwhelming,” said Angela, “but I found that it almost became like a puzzle, being able to decode something.”

Angela's idea was to mix cancer medicine and nanotechnology; the drugs, mixed in a polymer that would attach to nanoparticles, would then fasten themselves to cancer cells and show up on an MRI allowing doctors to exactly see where the tumors are. 

Then, she thought of using an infrared light aimed at the tumors so the polymer would melt and release the medicine, killing the cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed.

Although it will be years before scientists run tests on humans, the results on mice were pretty promising – the tumors almost completely disappeared.

Angela has deservedly won the prize of $100,000 in scholarships for college of the 2011 Siemens Competition in Math, Science & Technology.

"Angela created a nanoparticle that is like a Swiss army knife of cancer treatment," said Tejal Desai, a bioengineer at the University of California, San Francisco, and a competition judge.

“This is a Cinderella moment for a science nerd like me,” Zhang told the Mercury News.
 
She also said she’s very excited to learn everything possible in the sciences – biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and even computer science -- to make new innovations possible. We are also very excited that you do, Angela. And Good luck!
 

Tuesday, March 20, 2012

The Strongest Material Known to Man


Don’t you feel excited when you’re able to take a glance at the future?  Materials made of carbon nanotubes give you some taste of it – and they’re coming to stay.  But what are these carbon nanotubes?

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are molecular-scale tubes of carbon atoms bonded together, and when I say “nano” I really mean small – they have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1, significantly larger than for any other material.  And that’s not even the most interesting part; what is really cool is what you can do with that.

We are talking about the strongest material yet discovered.  The hardness of the bulk modulus of superhard phase nanotubes is around 462 to 546 gigapascals (GPa), even higher than that of diamond (420 GPa for single diamond crystal).  The stiffness of the best nanotubes can be as high as 1000 GPa which is approximately 5x higher than steel.  The tensile strength, or breaking strain of nanotubes can be up to 63 GPa, around 50x higher than steel, and it also has several other properties like kinetic (an inner nanotube core may slide, almost without friction, within its outer nanotube shell), electrical (multi walled carbon nanotubes with interconnected inner shells show superconductivity), wave absorption (specially microwaves), thermal (good conductors) and others.  Ok, but in the real world, what are the applications of these CNTs?

Current use and application of nanotubes goes from bicycles components to tissue engineering, but their potential reaches from civil engineering to space elevators – Nasa is offering prizes of over $1 million to whoever can come up with materials to make it happen and revolutionize the industry of space tourism trips.


Unfortunately, we can’t yet produce CNTs materials in a scale to do it so; the observation of the longest carbon nanotubes was reported in 2009 of being astonishing 18.5 cm long, but don’t be sad: the good thing about the future is that it keeps turning into present.

Saturday, March 17, 2012

Knowledge Is Never Enough

So, I'll tell you in advance that this blog is going to be focused on science, arts, music and eventual curiosities -- anything that may or may not enrich your day with a spark of desire for knowledge and discovering in general; anyway, you have to start from the premise that the filter is just another person like you, who wants to sow some love for life and curiosity.



There are always going to be days off so you can let your mind free to fly and learn -- enjoy!

Today I came across this great video of Adam Savage talking about how simple ideas lead to scientific discoveries... Are you a curious person?


Have a great weekend!